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- Blackjack (n.) used in various senses since 16c., earliest is possibly 'tar-coated leather jug for beer' (1590s), from black (adj.) + jack in any of its many slang meanings. From 1867 as 'pirate flag.' The hand-weapon so called from 1889; the card game by 1900.
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Look up black-jack, Blackjack, or blackjack in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Blackjack is a popular casino-gambling card game.
Black Jack or Blackjack may also refer to:
- 1Places
- 3Arts, entertainment, and media
- 3.5Music
Places[edit]
Australia[edit]
- Black Jack, Queensland, a locality in Queensland
- Black Jack, a civil parish of Pottinger County, New South Wales
- Black Jack Hill, near Gunnedah, New South Wales
United States[edit]
- Black Jack (Red Oak, North Carolina), a historic plantation house near Red Oak, Nash County, North Carolina
- Black Jack, Missouri, city in St. Louis County
- Blackjack, Missouri, an unincorporated community in St. Clair County
People[edit]
- Ada Blackjack (1898–1983), Inuit woman
- Roddy Blackjack (c. 1920–2013), Canadian elder and former Chief of the Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation of the Yukon Territory
- Blackjack Lanza (born 1935), ring name of former professional wrestler John Lanza
- Blackjack Mulligan (1942–2016), ring name of former professional wrestler Robert Jack Windham
- 'Blackjack' Hoss Taylor, a professional wrestler from All-Star Wrestling
Arts, entertainment, and media[edit]
Fictional characters[edit]
- Black Jack (manga character), the main character of the 1973 manga series of the same name
- Blackjack (Transformers), a fictional character in the Transformers universe
Films[edit]
- Black Jack (1927 film), an American silent Western film
- Black Jack (1950 film), written and directed by Julien Duvivier
- Black Jack (1968 film), a Spaghetti Western directed by Gianfranco Baldanello
- Black Jack (1979 film), by Ken Loach
- Blackjack (1978 film), an American crime drama film
- Blackjack (1990 film), directed by Colin Nutley
- Blackjack (1998 film), a TV movie directed by John Woo
- BlackJack (film series) (2003–2007), a series of Australian seven TV movies starring Colin Friels
Games and cards[edit]
- Black Jack (card game), also known as Switch, a name given to some variations of Crazy Eights in United Kingdom
- Black jack, a playing card jack
- Blackjack (Atari 2600 video game), a video game cartridge developed by Atari
- Blackjack, an NES video game developed by Odyssey Software; See American Video Entertainment
- Chinese Blackjack, a game also known as 21-point
Literature[edit]
- 'Black Jack', a short story by Rudyard Kipling in the collection Soldiers Three
- Black Jack, a 2003 novel by Finnish writer Reijo Mäki
Music[edit]
- Blackjack, a 21-note scale in the miracle temperament
Groups[edit]
- Black Jack (Chilean band), a Chilean rock band
- Black Jack (Australian band), an Australian heavy metal band
- Blackjack (American band), an American rock band featuring Michael Bolton, Bruce Kulick, Sandy Gennaro and Jimmy Haslip
- BlackJack (Swedish band), a Swedish dansband
Albums[edit]
- Blackjack (Blackjack album), by the American band, 1979
- Blackjack (Donald Byrd album), 1968
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Songs[edit]
- 'Black Jack', by The Hives from Barely Legal
- 'Black Jack', by Junkie XL from Big Sounds of the Drags
- 'Black Jacks', by Girls Aloud from Tangled Up
- 'Blackjack', by Airbourne from Runnin' Wild
- 'Blackjack', by Aminé from OnePointFive
- 'Blackjack', by Death Grips from The Money Store
- 'Blackjack', by Everclear from Slow Motion Daydream
- 'Blackjack', by Ray Charles from Yes Indeed!
Television[edit]
- 'Black Jack' (Jericho episode), a 2007 episode of the television series Jericho
- 'Blackjack', season 4, episode 12 of Fear the Walking Dead
- 'BlackJack', an episode of SpongeBob SquarePants
- 'Blackjack', an episode of the TV series The Adventures of Ellery Queen
Other arts, entertainment, and media[edit]
- Black Jack (manga), a 1973 manga and anime series
Brands and enterprises[edit]
- Black Jack (confectionery), aniseed flavour chews
- Black Jack (gum), a brand of chewing gum
- BlackJack (phone), a mobile phone made by Samsung
- BlackJack II (phone), a mobile phone made by Samsung
- Blackjack Pizza, a chain of pizza delivery restaurants in Colorado, US
Military and law enforcement[edit]
- Black Jack (horse), served in the Caisson Platoon
- Battle of Black Jack, a battle in Kansas preceding the American Civil War
- National Society of Blackjacks, a High School Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps leadership program
- RQ-21 Blackjack, a small tactical unmanned air system
- 'The Black Jack Brigade', nickname of the U.S. 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division
- Tupolev Tu-160 (NATO reporting name: Blackjack), a Russian bomber
- VMF-441, nicknamed The Blackjacks, a United States Marine Corps fighter squadron
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Science[edit]
- Black jack (fish), a gamefish
- Blackjack oak or Quercus marilandica, a small tree
- Black jack, a common fig cultivar
- Black jack, often weedy species of the genus Bidens from the family of Asteraceae
- Sphalerite, a mineral sometimes called black-jack by miners
Weapons[edit]
- Blackjack (weapon), a hand weapon typically consisting of a piece of leather-enclosed metal with a strap or springy shaft for a handle
- Baton (law enforcement) or 'Blackjack', a small easily concealed club weapon
Other uses[edit]
- Black Jack (stamp), a United States postage stamp
- STV Black Jack, a 1904 Canadian brigantine sailing ship
- The Blackjacks, a professional wrestling tag team
See also[edit]
- Blak Jak (born 1983), American rapper
- Blk Jks, signifying Black Jacks, South African rock band
Blackjack oak | |
---|---|
Dormant blackjack in the Cross Timbers of Lincoln County, Oklahoma | |
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fagales |
Family: | Fagaceae |
Genus: | Quercus |
Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Quercus |
Section: | Quercus sect. Lobatae |
Species: | |
Binomial name | |
Quercus marilandica Muenchh.[2] | |
Generalized natural range of Quercus marilandica | |
Synonyms[3][4] | |
|
Quercus marilandica, the blackjack oak, is a small oak, one of the red oak groupQuercus sect. Lobatae. It is native to the eastern and central United States, from Long Island to Florida, west as far as Texas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska. There are reports of a few isolated populations in southern Michigan, but these appear to represent introductions.[5][6]
Quercus marilandica is a small deciduoustree growing to 15 meters (49 feet) tall, with bark cracked into rectangular black plates with narrow orange fissures. The leaves are 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long and broad, and typically flare from a tapered base to a broad three-lobed bell shape with only shallow indentations. They are dark green and glossy above, pubescent underneath, and often remain attached to the twigs through the winter after turning colors from red to brown in the fall. The acorn is small, 12–20 mm (0.47–0.79 in) long and 10–18 mm (0.39–0.71 in) broad; like other red oaks, it takes 18 months to mature.[7]
Habitat and distribution[edit]
The blackjack oak grows in poor, thin, dry, rocky or sandy soils where few other woody plants can thrive, usually on low ground, from sea level up to approximately 2,800 feet (850 meters) in altitude. Some say that it does not have the beautiful form of many oaks, but is nonetheless a valuable tree for growing in problem sites.[8] Some say that the tree is 'tough but ugly', but also underappreciated.[9][10] At times the tree has even been actively eradicated to provide more room for trees deemed to be more commercially valuable.[11]
It is sometimes an understory tree in pine stands on sandy knolls in the southeastern US. Along the coastal plain of New Jersey the probability of finding this species is increased in relatively sunny, open areas such as those near coastal salt marshes. It often occurs near scarlet and post oaks as well as pitch pine; understory companions include winged sumac, bracken, sweetfern, and bayberry, and can be found as far north as parts of Ohio[12] and New York.
A variety, Quercus marilandica Münchhausen var. asheiSudworth,[7] grows in the western portions of its range – northern Texas, Oklahoma, and into southern Kansas. In this area, blackjack and post oak form a semi-savanna area composed of forested strips intermixed with prairie grass glades along the eastern edge of the southern Great Plains. This semi-savanna is known as the Cross Timbers.[13][14][15] Scrub forms of Q. marilandica dominate on many chert glades along with Q.stellata in Arkansas's Ozark plateau.[16]
Blackjack oak sometimes hybridizes with bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia), forming a hybrid known as Q. × brittonii.[17]
Blackjacks in the Cross Timbers can grow from 50 to 60 feet (15 to 18 m) high with a trunk diameter of 16 inches (41 cm), but seldom reach more than 40 feet (12 m). The leaves are from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 cm) in length and about the same width. Blackjack acorns provide food for both whitetail deer and wild turkey. Blackjacks may, however, cause tannic acid poisoning in cattle.
Uses[edit]
The wood is very dense and produces a hot flame when burned, which functions as an excellent source of heat for barbecues and wood-burning stoves. However, the wood is not desirable for wood fireplaces because the heat causes popping, thereby increasing the risk of house fires.[18]
Traditionally blackjack wood is used as both a fuel and smoke wood for barbecue in Oklahoma.
References[edit]
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- ^Wenzell, K.; Kenny, L. (2015). 'Quercus marilandica'. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2017.old-form url
- ^Münchhausen, Otto von (1770). 'Verzeichniß der Bäume und Stauden, welche in Deutschland fortkommen'. Der Hausvater. 5. Hannover: Försters und Sohns Erben. pp. 253: diagnosis in Latin, description in German in Teutonic script.
- ^'Quercus marilandica (L.) Münchh'. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 October 2017 – via The Plant List.
- ^'Quercus marilandica Münchh'. Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^'Quercus marilandica Range Map'(PDF). United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
- ^'Quercus marilandica'. County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ abNixon, Kevin C. (1997). 'Quercus marilandica'. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 3. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 31 October 2017 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^Liming, Franklin G. (1 March 1942). 'Blackjack Oak in the Missouri Ozarks'. Journal of Forestry. Society of American Foresters. 40 (3): 249–252.
- ^Klingaman, Gerald (September 22, 2000). 'Plant of the Week: Blackjack Oak'. Extension News. University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Nelson, John (12 January 2017). 'Blackjack oak grows in hardscrabble habitat'. Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee, Florida. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Clark, F. Bryan; Liming, Franklin G. (December 1953), Sprouting of Blackjack Oak in the Missouri Ozarks, Technical Paper No. 137, Division of Forest Management, Central States Forest Experiment Station
- ^'Blackjack Oak'. What Tree Is It?. Ohio Public Library Information Network and The Ohio Historical Society. 1997.
- ^Oklahoma Biological Survey (2016). 'Ancient Cross Timbers'. University of Oklahoma. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Oklahoma Forestry Services. 'Oklahoma's Forests > Oklahoma's Major Forest Types > Post Oak-Blackjack Forest'. Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Engle, David M. (18 March 1997). 'Oak ecology'. Stillwater, Oklahoma: Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Hogan, C. Michael (26 November 2012). 'Oak'. In Dawson, A.; Cleveland, C.J. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington DC: National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013.
- ^Shapiro, Leo (28 September 2012). 'Quercus marilandica – Blackjack Oak'. Encyclopedia of Life. Biodiversity Heritage Library. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Hatch, Stephan L.; Pluhar, Jennifer, eds. (1999). Texas Range Plants. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN0-89096-538-2.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus marilandica. |